The discovery of nanomaterials is widely acknowledged as a major triumph of human ingenuity in modern times. This has led to the emerging field of nanotechnology, paving way for a new technological revolution across the globe. Such developments may usher in a new industrial Revolution, capable of radically transforming almost all industrial sectors in the coming years. Nanotechnology – The science of small systematically discusses the basic science behind nanotechnology, nanomaterials synthesis, nanomaterials characterization techniques, nanotechnology applications, breakthroughs, initiatives, challenges and opportunities.